It is built on River Swat, which is situated at a distance of five kilometers from the existing Headwork of Munda. The construction of the dam is going to complete in a total of seven years with the expense of approximately 1.9 billion dollars. This article comprises every detail, including the Dam, including Mohmand Dam History.

Mohmand Dam Project

Mohmand Dam will contribute to producing 800 MW of electricity. It will also contribute to irrigate 16 thousand acres of land of Peshawar, Nowshera, Sawabi, and Charsadda. The annual advantages include the annual water storage of 5 billion rupees, storage of 2.5 billion units of electricity, 20 billion rupees in power generation as well as the annual flood alleviation of 80 million rupees annually.

Mohmand Dam History

It was 2010 when the flood damaged the maximum land and life ratio in Charsadda, Nowshera, Mardan, Sawabi, and Peshawar. The Supreme Court of Pakistan sent an inquiry commission in 2010 to investigate the cause of the flood, which has damaged an unexpected percentage of property and life. As a result, the commission suggested that the damage of the flood can be reduced by constructing Mohmand Dam in Munda.

In March 2000, the initial plan of the Dam was completed. Therefore the Ministry of Water and Power Pakistan granted a review of the plan to AMZO LLC (An American Firm), which sent a revised plan to the (PPIB) Private Power Infrastructure Board. WAPDA has been assigned by the Ministry of Water and Power to carry out the project’s construction through a detailed plan and engineering design.

An amount of 648.5 million rupees were approved by CDWP. The documents of the project tender were received on November 23, 2010. Nine firms submitted Expression of Interest documents, among which five JVs/firms. On July 6, for preparation and a detailed engineering design, financial and technical proposals were invited from shortlisted firms.

Consultants of Mohmand Dam

Three firms, including NK of Japan, SMEC of Australia, and NESPAK-ACE-Bank from Pakistan, were finalized as the consultants of the Mohmand Dam Project. For the very first time in the history of Pakistan, the engineering firm of Pakistan has been awarded a lead role in such a mega hydropower project.

The federal public sector development program of Pakistan will fund 805million dollars for Construction related to canals and irrigation, while the remaining cost of 1.4 billion dollars will be collected from WAPDA, foreign and local bank investments.

Mohmand Dam Donations

Millions of Pakistani nationals donated a lot by sending an SMS or by directly depositing it in the bank after the appeal of Chief Justice Saqib Nisar, who himself donated one million rupees for Bhasha and Mohmand Dams on July 6, 2018. France also funded sixty-one million Euros for hydro projects, among which one is located in Munda, Mohmand producing 800MW annually, while the other is located in Gilgit, which is producing 35MW hydroelectricity annually.

In April 2017, a detailed engineering design of the Dam was completed, and CDWP approved its PC-ONE on March 19, 2018, while ECNEC approved it on April 26, 2018. In PSDP 2018-19, two billion rupees were allocated for initiating the project after completion of the procedure in 2019.

Mohmand Dam Inauguration

Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan inaugurated the Dam on May 2, 2019, after the completion of financing, planning, and consultancy. The dam is expected to be completed by the year 2024.

Bidding for the project

Abdul Razaq Dawood won the bid for the construction of the Dam on 309 billion rupees. He is considered to be one of the pioneer Pakistani Industrialists and politicians.

Consultancies

A contract agreement worth 10 billion rupees was signed by WAPDA for consultancy services, construction design, management, and supervision with (MDCG) Mohmand Dam Consultants Group. Furthermore, there are seven sub-consultants and six partners in the joint venture containing nine local and four foreign firms.

WAPDA signed a contract with the Chinese joint venture Descon Engineering and (CGGC) China Gezhouba Group for the construction, engineering, and procurement of the project. There are so many other things included in the contract like access to roads, installation of electromechanical equipment, irrigation facilities, canals, hydraulic metal structures, ancillary and dam works, as well as other civil works.

Civil works of the project include project offices, schools, and community centers, accommodation, spillways, mosques, shopping center diversion tunnels, and building roads.

Mohmand Dam Features

The areas of district Mohmand, Bajaur, and others will be used as a reservoir area of the dam.  It will further include a concrete-filled dam with a height of 213 meters and 2,318 meters long, fifteen meters diameter for low-level diversion outlets of the river. The dam will contain 7 gates with a height of 22 meters and a width of 15 meters.

The spillways of the power plant will be designed with an ogee weir with a capacity of 25 thousand and five hundred (Cumecs) cubic meters/second and 5 hundred and forty crest level. Furthermore, the length of the headrace will be 800 meters with 13 meters in diameter. The length of penstock is supposed to be 160 meters having five to ten meters of its diameter.

A power plant that is 130 meters long and forty meters wide is connected to four generators, 200MW each. The transmitted output of the power plant is considered to be a 220 kV switchyard.

Social Media Handles

https://www.facebook.com/Mohmand-DAM-1719115658148088/

Untreated sewage and industrial wastes from factories and urban activities find their way to Pakistan’s River Ravi, where Balloki Headworks is among the main effluent concentration sites. This article carries every detail about the article, including Head Baloki History.

Head Baloki History

The 1st irrigation project that was implemented in Punjab was UBDC (Upper Bari Doab Canal), constructed in 1875 and the ‘Triple Canals Project’ was the 2nd project that started in 1905. The following three canals were constructed:

1. The LBDC (Lower Bari Doab Canal) from Balloki
2. UCC (Upper Chenab Canal) from Marala
3. The UJC (Upper Jhelum Canal) from Mangla

The Lower Bari and Upper Chenab were connected: In addition to transporting water from Chenab to Ravi, the canal irrigated land along the way. After water extraction for Upper Bari Canal, it was inevitable because the leftover water in Ravi was inadequate for the Lower Bari Canal.

It was the root of the link canal’s idea, which brought water from western rivers into Punjab’s eastern rivers and later and became the base for the ‘Indus Waters Treaty between Pakistan and India.

Construction of Balloki Barrage

The Balloki Barrage was built where the Upper Chenab met the Ravi river, some miles west of Balloki village. At the time, it was India’s biggest barrage of its type. It had a sixteen-hundred and forty-seven feet-long weir, including thirty-five, twelve-meter-broad steel gates for controlling Ravi’s water.

On the left side of the barrage, the Lower Bari Doab Canal (LBDC) diverged. In 1912, the canal began supplying water and was completed in 1917. In the Multan and Montgomery districts, it watered 877,000 acres of land.

Balloki Power Plant

The Balloki Power Plant, near Phool Nagar in Punjab province, is a 1,223-Megawatt power station that was completed in 2018. Then PM Nawaz Sharif laid the foundation of this project on 11th November 2015, and it was due to be finished by Dec 2017.

The project’s main fuel would be RLNG (regasified liquefied natural gas), with diesel as a substitute. Between the grid station and the new plant in southern Lahore, a forty-km long transmission line having a 500-kilovolt capacity will be built.

Financing for Balloki Power Plant

The project’s plans opt for the involvement of the private sector in the plant’s construction, with the private firm then supplying electricity to Pakistan’s government at a pre-negotiated price.

Head Baloki Attraction

Safari Park and Rana Luxury Resort near Lahore, which opened in 2007, has rapidly become a popular tourist destination for residents of the City of Gardens. A wildlife sanctuary with fourteen acres of vibrant green flower-filled lawns and two-hundred acres of expansive bamboo forest surrounds this lavish resort.

Families love visiting Rana Resort because it offers them a pleasant, safe, and peaceful atmosphere in which they can relax, eat fantastic food, and enjoy a variety of fun activities. In addition to enjoying the scenic resort and park, visitors can spend quality time with peacocks, deer, and ostriches at a small zoo.

Hunting is an option for adventure lovers. The resort has a specific zone for football, hockey, badminton, tennis, and cricket, allowing sports enthusiasts to participate in their favorite sport.

Charges

Following are the ticket prices for children and adults

1. Children under twelve years-Rupees Hundred
2. Adults-Rupees Two-Hundred and Fifty
3. Children Under Six Years-Free Entry
4. Disabled Persons-Free Entry
5. Senior Citizens -Free Entry
6. Teachers-Free Entry

Head Baloki Hotels

1. Greenfields County Club
2. Luxury New Villa
3. Hotel One
4. Burj Al Bahria Town Luxury Suites
5. Nishtar Heights Luxury Apartments
6. Bahria Rooms
7. Bahria Grand Hotel and Resort
8. Adara Suites
9. Grand Apartment
10. Hotel Platinum
11. Midway Lodges
12. Eagle Heights
13. Hotel Days Inn
14. 12^th Avenue
15. Shelton Hotel
16. Hotel Pakeeza One

Social Media Handle

https://m.facebook.com/profile.php?id=663373367018847

The construction was completed in 1983 at an investment of Rs 1,385.1 million after a fifteen-year construction process. It is 51 meters high deep and reserves 79,980 acres feet of water. The article has all the information including, Khanpur Dam History.

Khanpur Dam History

The dam’s construction got completed in 1983 after a construction period of fifteen years. The amount invested in the dam is Rupees 1352 million. Then-President Ayub Khan ordered the construction of the dam. It was believed that Ayub started the construction of this dam to settle his political relations with the chief of Gakkhars Raja Erij Zaman.

During the 19^th century, the British administration gave a huge area of local land to the forefathers of Gakkhar Rajas. The British government rewarded Ghakkars for their support in beating the Sikhs but took away the land of Awan and several other farmers.

When the dam construction was announced, Rajas tried to take compensation for the land, thus taking away the land rights of local residents. The inhabitants wanted to take new land or compensation in New Khanpur. Abdul Basheer Khan took the local inhabitants to KPK Parliament.

Despite the threats, they succeeded in convincing and uniting villagers. Abdul Basheer and his companions took their campaign to KPK Governor Hayyat Sherpao, and by camping outside the house of the governor, they got success in securing land rights for inhabitants of Khanpur.

Khanpur Dam Attraction

Blue-green dam water attracts thousands of visitors from all over the country. About forty-thousand and fifty-thousand tourists make a trip to the Khanpur Dam every week. Tour groups enjoy a wide range of water-based and ground events, including:

1. Wake tubing
2. Jet Skiing
3. Cliff Jumping
4. Camping
5. Kayaking
6. Family Boating
7. Zip-Lining

Bhamala Buddhist Complex

Heads and sculptures from the 2nd to the 5th century AD were found during the digging at the ‘Bhamala Buddhist Complex’ near Khanpur, famous as Bhamala Stupa. And during digging, valuable coins from the Kushan era were also discovered around the stupa.

The Bhamala Archeological Spot has declared a global and national Heritage Site situated close to the Khanpur Dam. The excavations traced back to the 4th century BC.

Rajgan Mosque

The Rajgan Mosque commonly called ‘Rajon Ke Masjid,’ is known to be hundred years old. People now pray only the Eid prayers in this Masjid as they pray in the mosques that are near their residence for everyday prayers. It consists of a wide prayer hall and a brick courtyard that needs rehabilitation and restoration.

Khanpur Dam Festivals

A spring festival is organized annually at Khanpur dam, and many people attend this festival. Many attractive and colorful events are arranged like folk dance, horse dance, and tones of pipe and drums, magic shows, air gliding, puppet shows, para-boat, a small zoo, camel and horse riding, and hot-air balloon ride.

Ideal Time to Visit Khanpur

The ideal time for visiting the dam is June-Oct and the winter season. People visit in the summer season too to save themselves from the summer heat.

Khanpur Dam Distance

The distance from Islamabad to this dam is almost fifty-two kilometers through the motorway. The distance from Abbottabad to the dam is almost sixty-one kilometers, and only three hours are required to reach Khanpur from Abbottabad.

Condition of the Road

The carpeted road is constructed to reach Khanpur, and all the vehicles can be availed for traveling purposes.

Khanpur Dam Activities Rates

There are many activities that could be enjoyed at Khanpur, and different clubs provide these trip activities at different rates.

1. Boating-Rupees one-thousand
2. Cliff Diving & Swimming-Rupees five-hundred with the provision of life jackets
3. Zipline-Rupees five-thousand
4. Jet Ski-Rupees eight-hundred
5. Fly Board-Rupees sixty-six hundred for 0.5 hour
6. Parasailing-Rupees thirty-five hundred for ten to fifteen minutes

Khanpur Dam Hotels

1. Flicker Howff Hostel
2. Monarch Residency
3. The Hill View
4. Islamabad Back Pacers Hostel
5. Islamabad Inns
6. Serene Residence
7. Le Grand Residence
8. Gofas Lodge
9. Margalla Hills Apartment
10. Royal Galaxy Guest House
11. Delano Inn
12. Zaib Guest House
13. Apex Inn
14. Hotel De Palazzo
15. Makdi Backpacker

Social Media Handle

https://www.facebook.com/KhanpurDamOfficial/

It is the world’s largest terrain dam. In 1976 the dam’s construction was completed and was intended to reserve water from River Indus for irrigation, hydroelectric power production, and flood control. The dam is at a height of one-hundred and forty-three meters above the river-bed.

The reservoir of the dam, Tarbela Lake, has a surface area of almost two-hundred and fifty km². This article carries every detail about the dam, including Tarbela Dam Location.

Tarbela Dam Location

This proposal is at a narrower site in the valley of the River Indus, named after Tarbela town. The Tarbela Dam is situated in the Haripur and Swabi districts of KPK. Tarbela Lake was built as a reservoir. The main wall of the dam, made of rock and earth filling, extends 8.999 feet from the island to the right of the river, standing 486 feet high.

Auxiliary Dams

There is a pair of cemented auxiliary dams spanning the river. The two spillways of the dam are on auxiliary dams instead of the main dam. The discharge capacity of the primary spillway is 18,406 m³ meters/second and the capacity of the auxiliary spillway is 850,000 cubic feet per second. Annually seventy percent of the discharged water at Tarbela flows over the spillways.

Construction of Tunnels

Five wide tunnels were built as part of the gatehouse work of the Tarbela Dam. Hydroelectricity is produced by turbines in tunnel one through tunnel three, while tunnels four and five were constructed for irrigation purposes. These two tunnels are to be turned into hydroelectric tunnels to enhance the electricity generation capacity of Tarbela.

Power Generation by Generators

On the right end of the main dam, the MA hydropower plant consists of fourteen generators supplied with water from one, two & three-outlet tunnels. On tunnel one, four 175 Megawatt generators, on tunnel two, six 175 Megawatt generators, on tunnel three, four 432-Megawatt generators are present and are producing a total of 3478 Megawatt.

Tarbela Reservoir

The length of the Tarbela Reservoir is 80.5 km and has a surface area of two-hundred and fifty km². Initially, this reservoir stored 14.3 km³ water, having a current storage capacity of 12.0 km³, but this capacity has been decreased to 8.4 km³ due to silting over thirty-five years of functioning.

The reservoir’s peak height is 472.44 m above Mean Sea Level (MSL) and the minimum operational height is 424.28 m above MSL.

Tarbela Dam History

Following the signing of the 1960 IWT (Indus Water Treaty) between Pakistan and India, the Tarbela dam was built as Indus Basin Project’s part. The objective of this project was the compensation of water supplies lost from Eastern rivers (Beas, Sutlej, and Ravi) that were given to India according to terms of the IWT.

The dam’s primary purpose was to provide irrigation water by storing the flood during the monsoon season and ultimately releasing the collected water during periods of low flow in winter. By the mid-1970s, a total of 3,478 Megawatts power generating capacity was added to the 3-subsequent hydroelectric project expansions completed in 1992.

Tarbela Dam Construction

The Tarbela Dam’s construction was completed in three phases to fulfill the diversion needs of the river. Italian company Webuild Spa took the construction project.

1^st Stage

In 1st phase, the River Indus was permitted to flow through its natural channel, whereas construction started on the right bank. At the right bank, a four-hundred and fifty-seven-meter-long and two-hundred- and twelve-meter broad diversion channel was excavated.  Phase one construction lasted about 2.5 years.

2^nd Stage

The main upstream blanket and embankment dam was built across the Indus River’s main valley as a part of the 2nd construction stage. During that time, the Indus River water remained diverted via the diversion channel. By the completion of the construction in the 2nd stage, tunnels had been constructed for diversion. 2nd stage construction has taken three years to completion.

3^rd Stage

During the 3rd construction phase, work was carried out on dam construction and closing of the diversion channel in that section. The remaining part of the main dam and upstream blanket was also constructed as part of the 3rd stage work that was completed in 1976.

Displacement and Resettlement

The reservoir area of the dam is around 260 km² and approximately 33,000 hectares of land have been obtained for construction.  The large dam reservoir flooded 135 villages, resulting in the displacement of a populace of around 96,000 individuals, the majority of those moved to the townships around the Tarbela Reservoir or to the nearby higher valleys.

Compensation Paid to Affected Individuals

For constructed and land property purchased under the 1984 Land Acquisition Act a compensation of 469.65 million Rupees was issued to the affected persons. Owing to the lack of a national strategic plan, the resettlement issues of the individuals impacted by the Tarbela project were resolved on an ad hoc system.

Issues Faced by Affected People

Several such individuals were not resettled in even 2011 or granted land to compensate their losses by the Pakistani Government in compliance with the contractual commitments with the World Bank.

Areas Inhabited by Displaced Individuals

Some displaced individuals were settled at Kangra Colony and Khalabat Township and a vast majority of displaced persons were settled at New Jagal, Hamlet, Chohar Colony, Makhan Colony, Sakhi Abad, Julian Near Khanpur, Farooqia, Dharaik, Pathankot Bahtar, Utmananad, Dana Colony, Sultanpur, Sadry Jadeed, Hund in Sawabi, Islamkot, Nazarabad, Pak Keya, Jhang, and Toba Tek Singh.

These villages are inhabited by the internally displaced families of the Tarbela Dam. A lot of people scattered across other cities of Pakistan. These individuals still enjoy their culture of Gatka, Chail Katwa Gosht, and Mukha.

Lifespan of Dam

As the Indus River’s source is the meltwater from the glaciers of the Himalayas, the river holds an enormous quantity of sediment, Live storage space of the Tarbela reservoir decreased from 33.5% to 6.434 MAF (Million Acre Feet) relative to its initial capacity of 9.679 Million Acre Feet due to sedimentation in the last 38 years.

The functional life of the reservoir and dam was anticipated to be nearly fifty years. Sedimentation however was much lower than expected, and the useful lifetime of the dam is now predicted to be about eighty-five years, to around 2060.

Pakistan is preparing to construct many large dams including ‘Diamer-Bhasha Dam.’ Upon construction of the Diamer-Bhasha dam, sediment levels in Tarbela would be reduced by 69 percent.

Tarbela Dam Benefits

Besides serving the primary function of the dam, that is the supply of irrigation water, the Tarbela Power Plant has produced 341,139 billion kilowatt-hours of hydro-electric power since its inception. A record annual production of 16,463 billion kilowatt-hours was reported from 1998 to 1999.

The expansion-IV of the Tarbela Dam was proposed in June 2012, & PC-One was designed for this project.

Financial Aid for Tarbela-IV

Richard Olson the U.S. Ambassador provided aid for this project’s construction during his trip to Pakistan in 2013. In 2013, WAPDA signed a contract of 26,053 billion rupees with the Chinese company ‘Sinohydro’ & German company Voith Hydro to carry out civil works on 1,410 Megawatt Tarbela-IV Expansion. Construction began in Feb 2014 and got completed in Feb 2018.

The project was built on the Tarbela Dam’s tunnel Number. 4.  It is comprised of 3-turbine generators, each with 470 Megawatts capacity. This system is supposed to supply 3.84 billion units of electricity each year to the National Grid.

Project’s Annual Benefits

The project’s annual benefits were expected at approximately 30.7 billion Rupees. Annually about seventy percent of the water flowing through Tarbela Dam is discharged over the overflow channels, while just a small portion of the remaining thirty percent is being used for the generation of hydropower.

The WAPDA (Water and Power Development Authority) reports that the 3rd and last unit at1,410-Megawatt Tarbela fourth Extension Hydroelectric Project has been synced with the national grid.

Tarbela-IV

The Tarbela Dam was constructed with 5-initial tunnels, with the 1st three involved in the generation of hydropower, and the other two for irrigation purposes. The 4th phase extension plan is using the 1st of the 2-irrigation tunnels, whereas the 5th phase extension would use the 2nd irrigation tunnel.

WAPDA sought EOI (expressions of interest) in the Tarbela-5 Expansion Project in Aug 2014 and was granted final approval for development in Sep 2015.

Increase in Power Generation

Construction hasn’t started yet and would take approximately 3.5 years to complete. The project would also need the placement of 3-turbines having a capacity of four-hundred and seventy Megawatts each in the 5th tunnel of Tarbela previously allocated for agricultural usage.

On completion, the power generation capacity of Dam would be increased to 6.298 Megawatts. Tunnel five’s hydropower project has two main components: power evacuation and power generation facilities.

Project’s Main Tasks

The important works included in this project are the construction of the new power station and the modification of tunnel 5 to generate approximately 1,800GWh power on annual basis, a new five-hundred kV dual-circuit, and a fifty-kilometer transmission line from Tarbela-Islamabad Grid Station for the evacuation of power, and a new five-hundred kV Islamabad-West Grid Station.

Financing

The World Bank asserted in Nov 2015 that it would fund at least 326 million dollars of the estimated 796 million dollars cost of the project, which includes 126 million dollars of funding diverted from 840 million dollars 4th phase extension plan after the cost of the project had been revised downwards.

Funding by World Bank

In Sep 2016, the World Bank issued additional funding of 390 million dollars for the 5th Tarbela Dam’s hydropower expansion project, which would support the increase in the power generation potential by the addition of 1,410 MW to the current tunnel-5.

Funding by IBRD & AIIB

The project would be funded by IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), with a varying spread and a twenty-year maturity, along with a 6-year grace time.

This would be the 1st World Bank-funded initiative in South-Asia to be financed jointly with AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank) to provide 300 million dollars and the Pakistani Government would provide $133.5 million. The projects’ total cost would be 823.5 million dollars.

Social Media Handle

https://www.facebook.com/TarbelaDamPakistan/